![]() Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 5, 169–177. Retrograde amnesia and memory consolidation: A neurobiological perspective. The Journal of Neuroscience, 16(16), 5233–5255. A conditioning hypothesis to account for the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is advanced here, and a clinical study is reported which. Three cases of enduring memory impairment after bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation. Rempel-Clower, N.L., Zola, S.M., Squire, L.R., & Amaral, D. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 159–178. The dissociation of anterograde and retrogradeamnesia in a patient with herpes encephalitis. Studies have been inconclusive as to whether there are risk factors for the development of TGA, though some have. It is often precipitated by particularly strenuous activity, high-stress events, or coitus, but it can be seen with migraines as well. O’Connor, M., Butters, N., Miliotis, P., Eslinger, P., & Cermak, L. The main symptoms of amnesia are either difficulty learning new information (anterograde amnesia) or difficulty remembering past information and events (. Other symptoms and signs involving cognitive functions and awareness Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a temporary, anterograde amnesia with an acute onset that usually occurs in middle-aged and older individuals. Tulving (Ed.), Memory, consciousness and the brain (pp. Remote episodic memory and retrograde amnesia: Was Endel Tulving right all along? In E. Moscovitch, M., Yaschyshyn, T., Ziegler, M., & Nadel, L. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 16, 179–190. The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory. Moscovitch, M., Nadel, L., Winocur, G., Gilboa, A., & Rosenbaum, R. It is a disorder that arises as a consequence of more than 15 different types of diseases and injuries that affect the brain, such as neurodegenerative and neurological diseases, vascular disorders and traumatic lesions (Markowitsch and Staniloiu, 2012). Episodic memory and the self in a case of isolated retrograde amnesia. Amnesia refers to a deficit of memory due to a specific cause. Cermak (Ed.), Handbook of neuropsychology (Vol. It was found that ECS produced retrograde amnesia (RA) in the one-trial passive- avoidance learning situation but CO2 anesthesia failed to. Focal retrograde amnesia and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally critical review. Semantic amnesia with preservation of autobiographical memory: A case report. All rights reserved.DeRenzi, E., Liotti, M., & Nichelli, P. Retrograde amnesia can result from various causes, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurological disorders, electroconvulsive therapy, and substance. Our results are consistent with the possibility that ECT as currently practiced does not cause significant lasting retrograde amnesia, but that amnesia is mostly temporary and related to the period of impairment immediately following ECT.Ĭopyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Moreover, memory impairment did not correlate with level of depression, which may be due to restriction of range. The sample size in this study was not large. Memory for events in the months after treatment was as good as that of controls. At follow-up, however, memory for events before treatment had returned to the pre-ECT level. They were lower again after treatment, suggesting retrograde amnesia. Triggers can help recover memories: family stories, photographs, music, and smells. Retrograde amnesia from an injury frequently goes away without treatment (this is often the case with a concussion.) Tragically, sometimes it never goes away. Two memory tests were used: a verbal learning test to assess anterograde memory function, and a remote memory test that assessed memory for news during the course of one year.īefore ECT the patients' scores were lower than those of controls. Retrograde Amnesia Treatment and Recovery. Included were 21 patients scheduled to undergo bilateral ECT for severe major depression and 135 controls matched for gender, age, education, and media consumption. Here, we assessed memory after ECT in circumstances most likely to yield strong retrograde amnesia.Ī cohort of patients undergoing ECT for major depression was tested before and after ECT, and again at 3-months follow-up. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is generally considered effective against depression, it remains controversial because of its association with retrograde memory loss.
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